Saturday, January 29, 2005

US copyright office considers orphans

The US Copyright Office is seeking comments on the fate of 'orphan works'.
SUMMARY: The Copyright Office seeks to examine the issues raised by 'orphan works,' i.e., copyrighted works whose owners are difficult or even impossible to locate. Concerns have been raised that the uncertainty surrounding ownership of such works might needlessly discourage subsequent creators and users from incorporating such works in new creative efforts or making such works available to the public. This notice requests written comments from all interested parties. Specifically, the Office is seeking comments on whether there are compelling concerns raised by orphan works that merit a legislative, regulatory or other solution, and what type of solution could effectively address these concerns without conflicting with the legitimate interests of authors and right holders.
The implementation of the Berne Convention in relation to intellectual property by the US government meant that it was no longer a requirement for a work to be registered in order to receive copyright protection. This resulted in many works where the details of authorship or even date of publication are unknown becoming trapped in a limbo state where they are being protected without anyone benefiting from that protection.

This is a bold step by the copyright office to address an issue that has been raised by advocates of copyright reform such as Lawrence Lessig.

Tuesday, January 25, 2005

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: A Scandal in Bohemia

Welcome to the second of our weekly broadcasts of the Adventures of Sherlock Holmes starring Sir John Gielgud as Sherlock Holmes and Sir Ralph Richardson as Dr. Watson.

On 12 October 1954 A Scandal in Bohemia was broadcast. Although it is actually the second of the twelve broadcasts, it was the first of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's short stories about Sherlock Holmes appearing in the Strand Magazine.

Monday, January 24, 2005

1984 in 1954 now public domain

The fifty year term of copyright doesn't just apply to sound recordings and radio it also applies to Television broadcasts.

Unfortunately prior to the early 1960s most television was broadcast live due to videotaping being in the development stage so very few recordings were made and exist to this day.

One such recording that still exists is the 1954 BBC Television dramatisation of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four. Wikipedia entry on Nineteen Eighty-Four (TV programme)

This dramatisation was adapted for television by Nigel Kneale and produced and directed by the equally-respected Rudolph Cartier, the same team that produced The Quatermass Experiment in the previous year. It starred Peter Cushing in the lead role of Winston Smith and is widely regarded as one of the greatest television productions of the 20th Century.

It was first broadcast live on Sunday December 12, 1954 and was such a controversial broadcast that it attracted complaints, motions were tabled in Parliament and there was even a report in the Daily Express newspaper under the headline "Wife dies as she watches", allegedly from the shock of what she had seen.

However the broadcast had attracted a huge audience including Queen Elizabeth and Prince Phillip who made it known that they had watched and enjoyed it. The BBC then decided to go ahead with a planned second performance of the play and understanding what an important broadcast it would be decided for it to be telerecorded onto 35mm film. This second broadcast was on Thursday December 16, 1954 and thus it is this second performance that survives in the archives, one of the earliest surviving British television dramas.

It was most recently broadcast on BBC Four on June 14, 2003.

Coincidentally 1954 was also the year that the BBC launched it's daily TV news service. It is unlikely that there are any recordings of news bulletins from this year as it would probably have been deemed unnecessary.

Tuesday, January 18, 2005

The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes

In 1954 Sir John Gielgud & Sir Ralph Richardson recorded 12 episodes for the BBC of a radio series titled The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, Gielgud played the part of Holmes and Richardson that of Watson . The twelve shows were produced by Harry Alan Towers and directed by Val Gielgud; they were broadcast by the BBC every Tuesday night at 9pm from 5 October through to 21 December.

This first episode was titled The Blackmailer and was based upon the story Charles Augustus Milverton by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.

I shall be making the other eleven shows available one at a time every Tuesday at 9pm.

Tuesday, January 11, 2005

US Government goes public

A couple of new websites hosting public domain documents associated with the US government.

The Library of Congress website is hosting a collection of Civil War Maps, as they date from 1861 -1865 they are all considered to be in the public domain.

Federal documents and publications are not copyrighted, and therefore are considered to be in the Public Domain. As such the photographs taken by the US Geological Survey are all in the public domain.

US Geological Survey's Digital Data Series 21 was a 4-disc CD-ROM set that has been recently put online for viewing. It contains many high quality photographs dating back to the 1880s. Also available to download the entire set of photgraphs as a Torrent (865MB).

Saturday, January 08, 2005

Happy 70th Birthday Elvis

Today is the 70th anniversary of the birth of Elvis Presley.

Elvis Aaron Presley was born on January 8, 1935 in a two-room house in Tupelo, Mississippi to Vernon and Gladys Presley. The family moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1948 which was where Elvis was to start his phenomenal career several years later.

Having finished high school Elvis found work at the Precision Tool Company and then later with the Crown Electric Company.

The legend goes that in the summer of 1953 Elvis wished to record a couple of songs as a belated birthday present for his mother and paid $3.98 to record at Sun Studios. This may or may not have been true, but whatever the case Sun Records founder Sam Phillips recognized Presley's nascent talent and the following year called him in to the studio to record a session.

Things didn't go well until Sam decided to put Elvis together with local musicians Scotty Moore and Bill Black to see what might develop. On July 5, 1954 during a break Sam Phillips heard Elvis singing Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup's That's All Right, which had been released earlier that year. Thinking he may have found both the right niche for Elvis and the breakthrough star he had been looking for he hit the record button and the rest is history.

During his time with Sun records Elvis would record five singles all under the name of Elvis Presley - The Hillbilly Cat, before his contract was bought by the RCA record company.

The four tracks from the first two of those singles released by Sun Records in 1954 are available here in RealPlayer format and as MP3s.

That's All Right Realplayer | MP3
Blue Moon of Kentucky Realplayer | MP3
Good Rockin' Tonight Realplayer | MP3
I Don't Care If The Sun Don't Shine Realplayer | MP3

Please note that although these recordings are in the public domain in the UK and many other countries they may still be under copyright if you reside elsewhere. You should not download these recordings if you are unsure if doing so would be an infringement of copyright.

Thursday, January 06, 2005

Copyright law around the world.

Besides the UK there are many other countries in which sound recordings from 1954 have now entered the public domain i.e. copyright terminates fifty years after the end of the calendar year in which the recording was first released or broadcast.

Canada
Full Copyright Act
Subsection of act that relates to the term of copyright of sound recordings and broadcasts

Australia

Full Copyright Act
Subsections of act that relate to the term of copyright of sound recordings and broadcasts.

New Zealand
Full Copyright Act
Subsections of act that relate to the term of copyright of sound recordings and broadcasts.

Hong Kong
Full Copyright Act
Subsections of act that relate to the term of copyright of sound recordings and broadcasts.

The European Union
has sought to harmonize member states' laws in regard to copyright giving a minimum term of 50 years to sound recordings and broadcasts. However individual member states may have a term of protection that exceeds the 50 year minimum.
Council Directive 93/98/EEC harmonizing the term of protection of copyright and certain related rights
The relevant part is Article 3 which is around two-thirds of the way down the page.


US copyright law isn't very clear in regard to sound recordings and broadcasts but I think it would be safe to assume that sound recordings published in 1954 are still protected. Information from PD Info seems to back this up.
Before 1972, sound recordings were not protected by copyright law, but by a hodge-podge tangle of state laws. The federal and state laws are so tangled and complicated, it is extremely difficult to do confident sound recording Public Domain research.
US Copyright Act of 1976
Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act

Saturday, January 01, 2005

Happy New Year

With the year rolling over to 2005 all the sound recordings published in 1954 as well as all the broadcasts from that year have now entered the public domain in the UK.

To celebrate this fact I have produced some RealMedia streams which I can now legally broadcast. Please note that these broadcasts should only be listened to by people living in countries where the copyright on these recordings has expired as they have in the UK.

Firstly the king himself Elvis Presley.
During a rehearsal break on July 5, 1954, Elvis started fooling around with a song called "That's All Right" and Sam hit the record button, thinking Elvis may have found his niche. The resulting single, backed with Elvis' hopped-up version of the country song "Blue Moon Of Kentucky", was a huge local hit in Memphis after WHBQ aired it two days later, and regular touring started to expand his fame beyond Tennessee.

We have both of these songs available for you to listen to. Realplayer is required.

That's All Right

Blue Moon Of Kentucky